【模板】缺省源

inline void debug() { cerr << '\n'; }
template<typename Type, typename... Other>
inline void debug(const Type& x, const Other&... y) { cerr << x << ' '; debug(y...); }
#define DEBUG(a...) cerr << "[" << #a << "] = ", debug(a)

template<typename Type>
inline void read(Type &res)
{
    res = 0;
    int ch = getchar(), flag = 0;
    while (!isdigit(ch)) flag |= ch == '-', ch = getchar();
    while (isdigit(ch)) res = (res << 3) + (res << 1) + (ch ^ 48), ch = getchar();
    res = flag ? -res : res;
}
template<typename Type, typename... Other>
inline void read(Type &res, Other&... y) { read(res), read(y...); }

template<typename Type>
inline void write(Type x, const char ch = 10)
{
    static Type stk[40];
    int top = 0;
    do stk[++ top] = x % 10, x /= 10;
    while (x);
    while (top) putchar(stk[top --] + 48);
    putchar(ch);
}

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// #define int long long
// #define x first
// #define y second
#define File(a) freopen(a".in", "r", stdin), freopen(a".out", "w", stdout)

inline void debug() { cerr << '\n'; }
template<typename Type, typename... Other>
inline void debug(const Type& x, const Other&... y) { cerr << x << ' '; debug(y...); }
#define DEBUG(a...) cerr << "[" << #a << "] = ", debug(a)

typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 200010;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

template<typename Type>
inline void read(Type &res)
{
    res = 0;
    int ch = getchar(), flag = 0;
    while (!isdigit(ch)) flag |= ch == '-', ch = getchar();
    while (isdigit(ch)) res = (res << 3) + (res << 1) + (ch ^ 48), ch = getchar();
    res = flag ? -res : res;
}
template<typename Type, typename... Other>
inline void read(Type &res, Other&... y) { read(res), read(y...); }



signed main()
{
    
    return 0;
}

#pragma GCC target("avx")               // AVX指令集(不懂的去问度娘)
#pragma GCC optimize(1)                 // o1优化
#pragma GCC optimize(2)                 // o2优化
#pragma GCC optimize(3)                 // o3优化
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")           // ofast优化(优化到破坏标准合规性的点)，
#pragma GCC optimize("inline")          // inline中和
#pragma GCC optimize("-fgcse")          // fgcse优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fgcse-lm")       //-fgcse-lm
#pragma GCC optimize("-fipa-sra")       //除换
#pragma GCC optimize("-ftree-pre")      //快速tree
#pragma GCC optimize("-ftree-vrp")      //去重tree
#pragma GCC optimize("-fpeephole2")     // flatco2优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-ffast-math")     //数论优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fsched-spec")    //富硒优化
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")    //图论plus优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-falign-jumps")   //极优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-falign-loops")   //图论重+排除
#pragma GCC optimize("-falign-labels")  // lamb优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fdevirtualize")  // fugechar优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fcaller-saves")  //负优化排除
#pragma GCC optimize("-fcrossjumping")  //极优化p+
#pragma GCC optimize("-fthread-jumps")  //多重极优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-funroll-loops")  //消除分支可以减少预测的可能性能：比如小的循环可以展开比如循环次数小于64次（可以使用GCC选项 //-funroll-loops)
#pragma GCC optimize("-fwhole-program")    //弗洛伊德优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-freorder-blocks")   //半刻优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fschedule-insns")   // fschedule-insns优化
#pragma GCC optimize("inline-functions")   // inline-functions优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-ftree-tail-merge")  //-ftree-tail-merge优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fschedule-insns2")  //-fschedule-insns2优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fstrict-aliasing")  //-fstrict-aliasing优化
#pragma GCC optimize("-fstrict-overflow")  //不知道
#pragma GCC optimize("-falign-functions")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fcse-skip-blocks")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fcse-follow-jumps")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fsched-interblock")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fpartial-inlining")
#pragma GCC optimize("no-stack-protector")
#pragma GCC optimize("-freorder-functions")
#pragma GCC optimize("-findirect-inlining")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fhoist-adjacent-loads")
#pragma GCC optimize("-frerun-cse-after-loop")
#pragma GCC optimize("inline-small-functions")
#pragma GCC optimize("-finline-small-functions")
#pragma GCC optimize("-ftree-switch-conversion")
#pragma GCC optimize("-foptimize-sibling-calls")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fexpensive-optimizations")
#pragma GCC optimize("-funsafe-loop-optimizations")
#pragma GCC optimize("inline-functions-called-once")
#pragma GCC optimize("-fdelete-null-pointer-checks")

char pool[1 << 30], *ptop = pool + (1 << 30);
void *operator new(size_t size) { return ptop -= size; }

char buf[1 << 20],*p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;

inline char getchar()
{
    if (p1 == p2)
    {
        p1= buf;
        p2= buf + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 20, stdin);
        if (p1 == p2) return EOF;
        else return *p1 ++;
    }
    return *p1 ++;
}

#define getchar() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 20, stdin), p1 == p2)? EOF: *p1 ++)